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    Related Topics

    From Musculoskeletal System

    Glenohumeral Ligaments
    Shoulder ligaments that stabilize the shoulder joint.
    Sartorius
    Longest muscle in the body responsible for hip flexion.
    Rotator Cuff Tendons
    Tendons of the rotator cuff muscles.
    Extensor Tendons
    Tendons that help extend the fingers and toes.
    Cervical Vertebrae (C1 - C7)
    Vertebrae in the neck region (C1-C7).
    Ribs (12 Pairs)
    12 pairs of bones that form the sides of the thoracic cage.
    Parietal Bones
    Bones forming the sides and roof of the skull.
    Metatarsals (5 bones)
    5 bones forming the mid-foot.
    Obliques (External and Internal)
    Muscles responsible for torso rotation.
    Clavicle
    Collarbone connecting the arm to the body.
    Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
    Spinal ligament running along the front of the vertebral column.
    Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
    Knee ligament that stabilizes the joint.
    Pelvic Floor Muscles
    Muscles that support pelvic organs.
    Humerus
    Upper arm bone connecting the shoulder to the elbow.
    Hamstrings
    Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus.
    Ilium
    Uppermost and largest part of the hip bone.
    Femur
    Thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body.
    Zygomatic Bones
    Cheekbones that form part of the orbit.
    Gomphoses
    Fibrous joints where a peg fits into a socket (e.g., teeth in jaw).
    Thoracic Cage
    Ribs and sternum forming the protective cage for the heart and lungs.
    Biceps Tendon
    Tendon that attaches the biceps muscle to the bone.
    Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
    Knee ligament that stabilizes the joint.
    Sacroiliac Ligaments
    Ligaments connecting the sacrum to the iliac bones.
    Sesamoid Bones
    e.g., patella, some found in hands/feet.
    Ligamentum Flavum
    Spinal ligament connecting the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

    Fibula

    Reviewed by our medical team

    Smaller bone in the lower leg, located alongside the tibia.

    1. Overview

    The fibula is the slender, lateral bone of the lower leg that runs parallel to the tibia. Although it does not significantly contribute to weight-bearing, it plays a critical role in stabilizing the ankle, supporting muscle attachments, and forming part of the lateral aspect of the leg. It is one of the two bones of the leg (along with the tibia) and extends from the knee to the ankle joint.

    2. Location

    The fibula is located in the lateral compartment of the lower limb:

    • Proximally: Articulates with the lateral aspect of the tibia at the superior tibiofibular joint (below the knee joint).

    • Distally: Forms the lateral malleolus, which contributes to the ankle joint and articulates with the talus bone of the foot.

    • Medially: Lies adjacent and parallel to the tibia, connected by the interosseous membrane.

    3. Structure

    The fibula is a long, thin bone consisting of three main parts:

    • Head: Proximal end that articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia; contains the apex and a facet for articulation.

    • Neck: Narrow region just below the head, where the common fibular nerve courses closely, making it vulnerable to injury.

    • Shaft (body): Long, slightly twisted body with surfaces for muscle attachments.

    • Lateral malleolus: Distal end of the fibula that forms the outer part of the ankle joint; contributes to ankle stability.

    • Joints:

      • Proximal tibiofibular joint: Synovial joint with limited mobility.

      • Distal tibiofibular joint: Fibrous syndesmosis, essential for ankle integrity.

    • Blood supply: Mainly from the fibular (peroneal) artery, a branch of the posterior tibial artery.

    4. Function

    While the fibula does not bear substantial weight, it has several key biomechanical functions:

    • Stabilizes the ankle: The lateral malleolus provides structural support to the ankle joint, preventing excessive eversion.

    • Supports muscle attachment: Serves as a site for origin and insertion of muscles in the lateral and posterior leg compartments (e.g., peroneus longus and brevis, soleus).

    • Transmits minimal load: Carries about 10% of the body’s weight, compared to 90% carried by the tibia.

    5. Physiological role(s)

    The fibula contributes to several important physiological and functional processes:

    • Balance and locomotion: Aids in stabilizing the lower leg and foot during gait, running, and balance activities.

    • Force dispersion: Although limited in load-bearing, it assists in distributing forces during lateral leg motion and rotation.

    • Bone grafting source: The fibula is commonly used in reconstructive bone graft surgeries due to its expendable nature and strong cortical structure.

    • Nerve protection: Provides a path for the common fibular nerve, though its superficial course makes it prone to injury.

    6. Clinical Significance

    The fibula is involved in various orthopedic and neurological conditions:

    • Fibular fractures:

      • Common with ankle injuries or direct trauma; may occur alone or with tibial fractures.

      • Lateral malleolus fractures can compromise ankle stability and require surgical fixation.

    • Common fibular nerve injury:

      • May occur with fibular neck fractures or compression; leads to foot drop and sensory loss on the dorsum of the foot.

    • Chronic ankle instability:

      • Involves weakening of the lateral ligament complex and malleolar support, often requiring physical therapy or surgical repair.

    • Osteomyelitis or tumors:

      • Though rare, fibular involvement in infections or neoplasms may necessitate partial or complete resection.

    • Graft donor site:

      • Fibular segments are often harvested for reconstructive surgeries in the mandible, spine, or long bone defects.

    Did you know? Each human hand has 27 bones.