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    From Musculoskeletal System

    Zygomaticus
    Muscle that raises the corners of the mouth.
    Phalanges (14 bones)
    14 bones forming the toes.
    Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
    Knee ligament that stabilizes the outer knee.
    Flexor Tendons
    Tendons that help flex the fingers and toes.
    Triceps Brachii
    Muscle responsible for elbow extension.
    Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
    Spinal ligament running along the front of the vertebral column.
    Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
    Knee ligament that stabilizes the inner knee.
    Wormian Bones
    Sutural bones in the skull.
    Adductors
    Muscles that bring the thighs toward the midline.
    Pelvic Floor Muscles
    Muscles that support pelvic organs.
    Flexor and Extensor Groups
    Muscles responsible for flexing and extending the hand and wrist.
    Masseter
    Muscle that elevates the mandible.
    Vertebral Column
    Spinal column consisting of vertebrae.
    Temporal Bones
    Bones forming the lower sides of the skull and housing the ears.
    Sacroiliac Ligaments
    Ligaments connecting the sacrum to the iliac bones.
    Cervical Vertebrae (C1 - C7)
    Vertebrae in the neck region (C1-C7).
    Sternum
    Breastbone located in the center of the chest.
    Metacarpals (5 bones)
    5 bones forming the palm of the hand.
    Skull
    Bony structure of the head that encases the brain.
    Sutures (in the skull)
    Fibrous joints between skull bones.
    Inferior Nasal Conchae
    Bones inside the nasal cavity that filter and humidify air.
    Rotator Cuff Muscles
    Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis.
    Palatine Bones
    Bones forming part of the hard palate and nasal cavity.
    Ilium
    Uppermost and largest part of the hip bone.
    Ulna
    Forearm bone on the pinky side.

    Zygomatic Bones

    Reviewed by our medical team

    Cheekbones that form part of the orbit.

    1. Overview

    The zygomatic bones are paired facial bones that form the prominent part of the cheeks and contribute to the lateral wall and floor of the orbit. Often referred to as the “cheekbones,” they are key structural components of the midface and play a critical role in facial aesthetics, articulation with surrounding bones, and protection of orbital contents.

    2. Location

    The zygomatic bones are located on the lateral aspect of the midface:

    • Lateral to: The maxilla and nasal bones.

    • Inferior to: The frontal bone and lateral margin of the orbit.

    • Anterior to: The temporal bone, with which it forms the zygomatic arch.

    Each zygomatic bone articulates with four bones: the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones.

    3. Structure

    Each zygomatic bone has a robust and quadrangular shape, with several important features:

    • Orbital surface: Forms part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit.

    • Temporal surface: Faces posteriorly to form part of the zygomatic arch.

    • Maxillary surface: Articulates with the maxilla, contributing to the infraorbital rim.

    • Zygomatic arch: Formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone; serves as a bridge between face and skull.

    • Zygomaticofacial foramen: Allows passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels to the skin of the cheek.

    4. Function

    The zygomatic bones serve several structural and functional roles:

    • Facial contour: Provide the prominence of the cheeks and define facial width and aesthetics.

    • Orbital protection: Form part of the orbit and help shield the eye from lateral impact.

    • Muscle attachment: Serve as attachment sites for facial expression muscles (e.g., zygomaticus major and minor).

    • Bridge to cranium: Link facial bones with the neurocranium via the zygomatic arch.

    5. Physiological role(s)

    Though the zygomatic bones are not directly involved in metabolic functions, they contribute indirectly to important physiological roles:

    • Facial muscle coordination: Facilitate facial expressions such as smiling and speaking.

    • Mechanical load transfer: Distribute masticatory forces from the maxilla to the cranial base through the zygomatic arch.

    • Support of orbital structures: Maintain orbital geometry essential for proper ocular alignment and vision.

    6. Clinical Significance

    Zygomatic bones are frequently involved in facial trauma and reconstructive surgery:

    • Zygomatic fractures:

      • Often result from blunt trauma (e.g., sports injuries, vehicle accidents).

      • May cause flattening of the cheek, trismus (jaw movement limitation), diplopia (double vision), or infraorbital nerve injury.

    • Tripod fracture:

      • A common type of zygomatic complex fracture involving three points: zygomatic arch, orbital floor, and maxillary articulation.

      • Often requires surgical realignment and fixation.

    • Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture:

      • Involves the zygomatic bone and its articulations; affects aesthetics and function.

    • Cosmetic and reconstructive relevance:

      • Important in procedures involving midfacial augmentation or repair after trauma or congenital deformity.

    • Infections and tumors:

      • Though rare, the zygomatic bone may be affected by osteomyelitis, fibrous dysplasia, or metastatic lesions.

    Did you know? The pelvic girdle consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.