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    Related Topics

    From Lymphatic System

    Lateral Axillary Nodes
    Located along the humerus in the axilla.
    Thymus
    Primary lymphoid organ for T-cell maturation.
    Submandibular Lymph Nodes
    Drain the face, mouth, and pharynx.
    Paratracheal Nodes
    Located lateral to the trachea.
    Waldeyer’s Ring
    Ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding the naso- and oropharynx.
    Parotid Lymph Nodes
    Drain the lateral face and scalp.
    Sacral Lymph Nodes
    Drain the pelvic floor and rectum.
    NALT
    Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue.
    Pretracheal Nodes
    Located anterior to the trachea.
    Mastoid Lymph Nodes
    Drain the posterior scalp and ear.
    Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
    Drain the intestines and abdominal structures.
    Submental Lymph Nodes
    Drain the floor of the mouth and central lower lip.
    Central Axillary Nodes
    Located centrally in the armpit.
    Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
    Carry lymph through lymph nodes.
    Tubal Tonsils
    Near openings of the auditory tubes.
    Intestinal Trunk
    Drains lymph from the intestines.
    Pharyngeal Tonsil
    Located in the nasopharynx (adenoids).
    Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
    Located above the clavicle; key in thoracic drainage.
    Retroaortic Nodes
    Located behind the aorta.
    BALT
    Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue.
    Cisterna Chyli
    Dilated sac at the start of the thoracic duct.
    Para-aortic Lymph Nodes
    Drain abdominal viscera and lower limbs.
    MALT
    Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
    Apical Axillary Nodes
    Located at the apex of the axilla.
    Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes
    Drain superficial structures of the head and neck.

    Right Lymphatic Duct

    Reviewed by our medical team

    Drains right upper quadrant of the body.

    1. Overview

    The right lymphatic duct is a short, terminal lymphatic vessel responsible for draining lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body into the venous circulation. It is one of two major ducts—the other being the thoracic duct—that return lymph to the bloodstream. Despite its relatively small size, it plays a critical role in maintaining fluid balance and immune surveillance by transporting lymph, immune cells, and absorbed lipids into the bloodstream.

    2. Location

    The right lymphatic duct is located in the root of the neck, typically on the right side, near the junction of the venous and lymphatic systems. It is positioned:

    • Posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint

    • Medial to the right internal jugular vein

    • Near the convergence of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins

    Its terminal drainage point is usually into the right venous angle—the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins.

    3. Structure

    The right lymphatic duct is typically 1.25 cm (about 0.5 inches) long and formed by the convergence of three main lymphatic trunks:

    • Right jugular trunk: Drains lymph from the right side of the head and neck

    • Right subclavian trunk: Drains the right upper limb

    • Right bronchomediastinal trunk: Drains the right lung, right side of the thorax, and right upper mediastinum

    Like other lymphatic vessels, the right lymphatic duct has thin walls, a valvular structure to prevent backflow, and an endothelial lining supported by connective tissue and some smooth muscle.

    4. Function

    The primary function of the right lymphatic duct is to collect and return lymph from specific regions of the body back into the venous circulation. Its functional roles include:

    • Returning filtered interstitial fluid: Maintains fluid balance by returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream

    • Immune cell transport: Conveys lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells into circulation for systemic immune responses

    • Transport of absorbed substances: Returns proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules absorbed from peripheral tissues

    This lymph is eventually mixed with blood plasma and re-enters systemic circulation, thus completing the lymphatic transport loop.

    5. Physiological Role(s)

    The right lymphatic duct plays a critical part in maintaining immune and circulatory equilibrium in the right upper body. Its key physiological roles include:

    • Homeostasis: Regulates tissue fluid volume in the right head, neck, upper thorax, and upper limb

    • Immune surveillance: Rapidly transports antigens and immune cells to central circulation for systemic detection and response

    • Protein and lipid return: Prevents the accumulation of large molecules in interstitial spaces by returning them to the bloodstream

    • Venous pressure modulation: Aids in maintaining circulatory balance and venous return via low-pressure lymphatic flow

    6. Clinical Significance

    Obstruction or Injury

    Although less commonly affected than the thoracic duct, damage or obstruction of the right lymphatic duct can result in localized lymphedema in the right arm, right chest wall, and right side of the face. Causes may include:

    • Neck surgery or trauma

    • Central venous catheter placement

    • Radiation therapy to the neck or thorax

    • Neoplastic obstruction (e.g., lymphomas or metastatic cancer)

    Chylous Fistula (Rare)

    Injury to the right lymphatic duct during procedures such as central line placement or neck dissection may lead to chyle leakage, resulting in a chylous fistula. Although more common with thoracic duct injury, it can occur on the right side and presents as:

    • Milky fluid leakage

    • Local swelling and inflammation

    • Electrolyte imbalance and immune compromise

    Treatment may include drainage, dietary modification (low-fat diet), or surgical repair.

    Role in Cancer Staging

    Lymphatic spread of tumors from the right side of the breast, lung, or head and neck often follows pathways involving the right lymphatic duct. Involvement may suggest regional or distant metastasis and can affect staging in:

    • Right-sided breast cancer

    • Right upper lobe lung cancer

    • Oral and laryngeal carcinomas

    Lymphatic Imaging and Diagnosis

    Though not commonly visualized in routine imaging, the right lymphatic duct can be assessed using advanced modalities in cases of suspected pathology:

    • MR lymphangiography or CT lymphangiography

    • Lymphoscintigraphy for functional assessment

    • Ultrasound for assessing right supraclavicular node involvement

    Variations and Surgical Awareness

    In some individuals, the right lymphatic duct may be absent, and lymphatic trunks drain directly into nearby veins. Awareness of these anatomical variants is important during:

    • Central venous catheterization

    • Jugular vein access

    • Neck dissections or radiotherapy planning

    Did you know? The lymphatic system transports immune cells throughout the body to prevent infections and regulate the immune response.